Quran Majeed

                                           

                               What is Al-Quran

The Quran ("Qor-Ann") is a Message from Allah (swt) to humanity. It was transmitted to us in a chain starting from the Almighty Himself (swt) to the angel Gabriel to the Prophet Muhammad (saw). This message was given to the Prophet (saw) in pieces over a period spanning approximately 23 years (610 CE to 632 CE). The Prophet (saw) was 40 years old when the Quran began to be revealed to him, and he was 63 when the revelation was completed. The language of the original message was Arabic, but it has been translated into many other languages. 

Tajweed Rules

PREFACE 

Assalamualaikum. Alhamdu lillah, we have finally completed the first version of this work that provides you with charts on Rules of Tajweed. We

don’t claimto be an expert in this area but we have tried our best to develop this tajweed material by referring to few books.Webelieve that this material 

would be useful to those who are teaching Tajweed. Also, this can be used as a reference material. In order to develop this material, we have referred to the 

following books: 

1. Moulana Muhammad IbrahimSahib Baaqavi, Hidayathus sifyan fi tajweedil Quran, Haadi Publishers, Chennai, India. [In Tamil] 

2. Dr. Abdul-majid Khan, Tajwid: The art of recitation of the Holy Quran, Urdu Academy Sind, Karachi, Pakistan. [In English] 

3. سﺎﻋﺪﻟا ﺪﻴﺒﻋ تّﺰﻋ,  ﻮﺠﺘﻟا ّﻦ ﻓ ﺪﻳ , Dar Ibn Hajam,Beirut, Lebanon. [In Arabic] 

4. Umm Muhammad, A Brief Introduction to Tajweed, Abul-QasimPublishing House, Jeddah. [In English] 

Weask Allah to forgive our shortcomings and accept our efforts. Please provide us with suggestions and/or comments for furtherimprovement. We

acknowledge the help of many brothers and sisters in the preparation of this document. May Allah reward themall, aameen. 

Please remember us and our parents in your prayers. 

Contact Email: al_hafizonline@yahoo.com

Contact Address: 

Pakistan

923017643290

Lesson # 1

Introduction to Tajweed

بسم اللہ الحمن الرحیم

In the Name of Allah Almighty, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

و رتل قرآن ترتیلا۔

“And recite the Holy Qur’an slowly and thoughtfully.

1. Benefits of Learning Tajweed:

The benefits of learning tajweed are many as reflected in some of the following Ahadith:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

افضل العبادۃ تلاوۃ القرآن        

v The best Ibadat is the Recitation of the Holy Qur’an.

2. Ten Rewards for each letter:

من قرء من القرآن حرفا فلہ عشر حسنات۔

v Hadhrat Abdullah Ibn Mas’ood (RA) narrates that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) has said, “Whoso ever recites the Holy Qur’an, there are ten rewards for every letter he recites. I do not say ‘Alif, Laam, Meem’ is a one letter “Alif is a letter, “Laam is a letter and “Meem is a letter. This means that the reciter will receive thirty rewards for the recitation of Alif, Laam and Meem.”

3. The company of the noble and obedient angels:

v ‘Hazrat Aaishah (RA) relates that the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Verily (i.e., Pay attention, be attebtive) the one who recites the Qur’an beautifully, smoothly, and precisely, he will be in the company of noble and obedient angels. And as for the one who recites with difficulty its verses, then he will have TWICE the reward.”   [Bukhari and Muslim]

v Hazarat Abdullah bin Amr bin Aas (RA) narrates that Rasullallah (SAW) has said that: “The Hafiz and those with expert knowledge of the Holy Qur’an will be told that now read and ascend (rise higher).” Read the Holy Qur’an slowly as you used to read peacefully in the world slowly and steadily. So now your destination will be on reading the last Ayah.”

 4. You will be among the best of People:

   Hazarat Usman (RA) narrates that the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) said “The best amongst you is he who learns the Holy Qur’an and teaches it.”  (Bukhari)

Sayyidina Ibn Abbas (RA) reports that the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) has said: “He in whose heart there is no part of the Qur’an is like a decrepit house.” (Tirmidhi)

   Hadharat Baraa ibne Azib (RA) narrates that I heard Nabi           (P.B.U.H) saying: “Beautify the Holy Qur’an with your voices,    definitely beautiful voices enhance the beauty of the Holy Qur’an.”

Hadharat Abu Hurairah (RA) narrates that Rasoolullah (P.B.U.H) said:   

 “Recite the Holy Qur’an as it was revealed.” (Mishkaat)

 Lesson # 2

Islamic Scholar‘s View

Hadharat Imam Shafi (RA) has said: “The very small respect of Tarteel is that, we must recite the Holy Qur’an clearly and openly and not very fast.” (Sunan-e-Kubra)

Allama Jazri Rehmatullah Alaih has said: “it is Waajib and necessary to learn Tajweed. One who does not recite Qur’an with Tajweed, he is a sinner.”

Hazrat Imam Ghazali (RA) has written in his famous book Ahya-ul-Uloom, that Hadhrat Imam Anas bin Malik (RA) has said: “many who recite the Holy Qur’an in such a way that the Holy Qur’an curses them.”

Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H ) Said:

He is not from my ummah ( Nation) who dose not recite the              holy QURAN with tajweed.

All this shows that we should try our best to reside the holy QURAN beautiful Melodies Voice. & try to observe all rules of tajweed  In our recitation.

 Lesson # 3

 Correct Accent/Pronunciation

If any person will recite the Holy Qur’an without the Rules of Tajweed it is likely sometimes that the meaning can change, for example; “O Beloved Prophet! Say Allah is One قل ھو اللہ احد

, if any person will pray only.”

     It means eat, Allah is One. کل ھو اللہ احد             

  LESSON #4

Defination of Tajweed

Literal Meaning:

The word Tajweed is derived from the Arabic root ‘jawwada’ which means to make well, or to improve. It means ‘making well’.

Technical Meaning:

There are two meanings:

1-Correct and good pronunciation in recitation.

2-A mode of recitation of medium speech. (Normal Voice)

“According to Hazarat Ali (RA) “It is the correct pronunciation of letters of (from their Makharij with all its Qualities) and the recognition of wuquf (where to stop).”

Conclusion

Tajweed means to pronounce every letter with all its participative qualities such as the correct prolongation, merging, conversion, distinctness, and pauses. Reciting the Qur’an with TAJWEED allows the reciter to emphasize the accent, phonetics, rhythm and temper of the Qur’anic recitation.

Note: We must be  familiar with basic rules of  tajweed.

Lesson # 5

Etiquettes with the Holy Qur’an

Cleanliness:

                 The Holy Qur’an is the word of Allah addressed to us, and we should therefore treat it with due respect. One of the prime conditions for handling the Qur’an has been set in the book itself.

لا یمسہ الا المطھرّون۔

“A book well guarded which none shall touch but those who are clean.” [56:78-79]

This means that in order to touch the Qur’an one needs to be in a state of ritual purity (tahara) to be obtained through ‘wudu’ or ablution.

The Right Niyya:

                         When taking up the Qur’an for study, recitation and reflection it must be done with the intention to seek Allah’s pleasure.

Pronounce its words correctly; this implies that one needs to pay attention to correct pronunciation both of the various letters as well as words, length, pause, etc.

 Lesson # 6

    Etiquettes of Reading and Reciting

Before the Recitation of the holy QURAN it is necessary to:

a.  Make a wadu/ablution first 

b.  Keep the Qur’an in a clean place.

c.  Recite :            اعوذ باللہ من الشیطن الرجیم۔

                   Seek Allah’s protection from Satan, the cursed.”

d.  Then recite:          بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم

              In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.    

 

e.  Say                            ‘صدق اللہ العظیم’

  At the end after recitation. And close with a dua that Allah may  accept it from you.

f.  Let no day pass without reading the Qur’an.

g.  Not to talk, laugh or play while reciting.

h.  If speech is necessary to recite “Tawwuz” when recommencing Tilawat.

i.   The Holy Qur’an can either be recited loudly or softly according to the circumstances.

j.   The Holy Qur’an should be recited in a beautiful and melodious voice.

k.  Recite the Holy Qur’an in the tune of Arab according to the rule of Tajweed.

Lesson # 7

Textual Terms:-

Ø Harf:-                   A letter

Ø Harakh: -             Short Vowel. (movement)

Ø Aya: -                  One Verse of the Qur’an.

Ø Sura: -                 One Chapter out of 114 chapters of the Holy Qur’an.

Ø Part: -                  The Qur’an is divided into thirty parts; each part is                    called a  Para.

Ø Tafkheem: -        To pronounce the letter with Heaviness. 

Ø Tarqeeq: -           Lightness / Thinning.

Lesson # 8

Basic Terms

ü پر پڑھنا                 Bold / Heavy / Filled.

ü باریک پڑھنا         Light / Slight / Without stress.

ü لمبا کرنا                Prolong / Stretch.

ü وقف کرنا              Stop

ü ساکن                    Soft / Sakin / Unpronounced.

ü حرکت                  Movement / Change of Signs.

ü قلقلہ                      Echo Sound / Repeated Voice.

ü غنہ کرنا                Nasal Sound  / Keep sound in Nose.

ü نون ساکن              Sakin / Soft Noon / Unpronounced Noon. 

ü نون تنوین             Double Fatah / Kasra / Dhamma. (Zabar, Zer)

ü شد                        Like “W” sign / Stressed Sound.

ü مشدد                     Letter with the sign of “w” .

Lesson # 9

 BASIC TERMINOLOGIES USED IN QURAN

Harakat:

                    Some signs that appear in the Holy Qur’an i.e. Fatha, Kasra, Dhamah, etc. are called Harakat

1.       Fatha/ Zaber

2.       Dhammah/ Pesh

3.       Kasrah/ Zer

                    

Tanween:

                         It means:

1.  Two Zaber                                      

2.  Two Pesh

3.  Two Zer

                 Tashdeed:

                     The meaning of Tashdeed is twice. The Shaddah indicates the repetition of letter.

                        Sakoon or Jazam:

                                     A letter with a sukoon is known as Saakin.

When ever this symbol comes on any latter then we have to contact that one  with the latter before with Harakat.  

 NOTE:

             In Arabic language we abbreviate Zabar, Zair, Paish with Fathah, Dammah, kasra.

Echo sound = Qalqalah

Keep the sound in nose/ Nasal sound = Ghunnah

Noon sakin / soft noon

Lesson # 10

       Methods of Tajweed

   Now there are three methods of the Recitation for the Holy Qur’an.

1.  Tarteel

2.  Tadweer

3.  Hadar

Tarteel:

       Means to recite the Holy Qur’an very slowly with beautiful tune according to the rules of Tajweed.

Tadweer:

          Means to recite the Holy Qur’an neither too slowly nor too speedily but to adopt the middle speed according to the rules of Tajweed.

Hadar:

      Means fast like Namaaz-e-Taraweeh during the month of Ramazan according to the rules of Tajweed.

Lesson # 11

Ghunna:

Ø It is a nasal sound which is pronounced without movement of the tongue.

Ø It is 2 harakat in length i.e. 1 second length.

An example highlighted in the following aya: عم یتساء لون

 Qalqala:

                Literal Meaning:- Vibration.

When the letters of Qalqala have a sukoon on it, it will be read with echoing or jerking sound.

                   

Function of  Qalqala /echo letters;

When any of these letters is soft/sakin we make echo sound on it just like when we throw a ball on ground & after touching the ground it comes back to us.

    Combination of the letters of Qalqala or collection of letters.

Throttle Letters:                                                                           قطب جد:-

د

ج

ب

ط

ق

Examples :

فسجدوا الا ابلیس	خلقتنی من نار
جعل ادعیآء کم ابناء کم	شھاب ثاقب
	فانما ھی زجرۃ واحدۃ

Bold / heavy letters

We call them heavy or bold because they are always bold or heavy when pronounce. These are seven in number.

There combination is:

  Maddah letter (Vowels)

                                                       Maddah letters are the vowels of the Arabic language. These are three

in number.

Wao                    و

Alif                      ا

 Yaa                     ی

But these letters are called Maddah in a specific condition.

When these letters are called Maddah in a specific condition.

When wao  is  followed by paish / Dammah it is Wao maddah  

When Alif   is followed by Zabar / Fatha it is Alif  Maddah

When ya     is followed by zair / Kasra it is Ya Maddah

   Function of maddah letters

                                                     It is necessary to prolong Maddah letters for one count.

To prolong Maddah letter is called to do Madd-e-asli.

Leen letter

                       There are two leen letters.

Wao      and Ya

When these two letters are followed by zabar / fatha these are called Leen letters”

Example :

Lesson # 12

The Sun Letter

When the definite letter ال   is attached to an indefinite word and the word has a shaddah then ال   will not be pronounced.

For Example:-   تحت الشّجرۃ  now in this word ال   will not be pronounced such type of words are called Sun Letters.

The Sun Letters are: -

ت - ث - د - ذ - ر - ز - س - ش

ص - ض - ط - ظ - ل - ن

The Moon Letter

When the definite letter ال   is attached to an indefinite word and the word has no shaddah but it has fatah, kasra or dhama then ال   will be pronounced.

For Example: - فی المسجد   now in this word ال  will be pronounced such type of words are called Moon Letters.

The Moon Letters are as below: -

ا - ج - ح - خ - ع - غ - ف

ق - ک - م - و - ھ - ي

Lesson # 13

RULES OF NOON SAKIN & TANWEEN

 RULE # 1 :-

          IZHAR (الاظھار) “Manifestation”

           Literal Meaning:- it means explanation, clarification.

If after ن or tanween ( Double fatha, Double kasra, Double dammah, two  zabar, two pesh, two zer) there appears any of the following six letters حروف الخلق then the ن sound should be pronounced clearly or  Completely.  

The letters of Huroof Halqiyah or Throat Letters as below:

ح       خ       ع       غ      ء      ھ

مخرج    Place of Origin of Sound
اول الحلق Depth of Throat	ہ	ء
وسط الحلق Middle of Throat	ح	ع
ادنی الحلق Top of Throat	خ	غ

The following are examples of الاظھار

	Example 1	Example 2
ء	من اجل ذلک	کتاب انزلناہ
ہ	الانھار	احق ھو
ع	انعمت علیھم	سمیع علیم
ح	من حسنۃ	علیم حکیم
غ	من غیر	قول غیر
خ	من غیر	علیم خبیر

 RULE # 2:-

        IDGHAM (الادغام)

By literal mean ادغام  is to enter one thing into an other “merging”.

It means to mixup sound of one letter in other letter.

If after Noon Sakin or Tanween there appear any of the following six letters

 "ي ر م ل و ن"

i.e. یرملون

Then the Noon Sakin or Tanween is pronounced with a Ghunna.

Kind of idgham

a.  Idgham with Ghunna.

b.  Idgham without Ghunna.

a)  With Ghunna as applicable to the four letters : ي م و ن

Example	من یعمل /  لقوم یؤمنون	ي
	من ورقۃ	م
	من مقاقک	و
	رسولا نبیا	ن

b) With out Ghunna as applicable to the two letters : ل ر

Example	من لدن  ویل لکل	ل
	من رحمۃ  توابا رحیما	ر

 Exceptions:

          There is no Idgham in the following four instances in the Qur’an as they appear within the same word:

دنیا - بنیان - صنوان - قنوان 

RULE # 3:-

                     IQLAB (القلب)

           Literal Meaning:- To turn the face of something.

It means to change the sound of letter with other letter.

If after Noon Sakin or Tanween there comes ب   then Noon Sound is converted to m م and will be recited with Ghunna.

Example	عھد اللہ من‏م بعد
	فمن‏م بدّلہ
	صم‏م بقم عمی فھم
	فسوق‏م بکم

      

RULE # 4:-

                      IKHFA (الاخفاء)

      Literal meaning of Ikhfa is hiding, concealing or covering.

Ikhfa means to hide sound of some letter  

If any of the 15 letter of Ikhfa below comes after a Noon Sakin or Tanween the word must be read with a light Nasal Sound in the nose.  Duration is 2 to 3 seconds of nasal sound.

                     

ش	س	ز	ذ	ج	ث	ت	ص
د	ک	ق	ف	ظ	ط	ض
Example	وان تغفرلھم فانک
	لھم جنّت تجری من تحتھا
	تحمل کل انثی وما تغیض الارحام

   

Lesson # 14

RULES OF MEEM SAKIN

They are three:-

1) Idgham-e- Shafawi

2) Idhar-e-Shafawi

3) Ikhfa-e-Shafawi

Ikhfa Shafawi

                             When the letter ب   comes after Meem Sakin it will be pronounced with a light nasal sound.

Duration: -          2 to 3 seconds.

Example: -            افتری علی اللہ کذبا ام بہ جنۃ             

 Idgham Shafawi

          When the two Meem will come together then it will be read with Ghunna.

Example: -           ولھم ما یشتھون         

 Idhar Shafawi:-

It means no Ghunna.

When after Meem Sakin there comes any of the 26 letters without ب   and then م there will be Idhar Shafawi.

Example: -      

                          

Lesson # 15

       Punctuation Marks (Waqf)

          Waqf means stop. We see different small signs in-between the verses when we recite the Holy QURAN. We need to observe them very carefully according to the rules of Tajweed. Here we discuss the signs and small letters.

a. Circle (o) we call it the sign of the verse. We can compare it with the full stop at the end of a sentence in English language when we write it. We write it. We have to stop on it because it is the end of one sentence and the next one it a new sentence.

b.  End of Ayah, stop   “o”

                                          

c. Meem        sometime we see a small meem    in-between the words. If it is not before baa    we must stop here. But if there is Baa after it is a different rule.

d.  Compulsory Stop: - " ﻤ "   where small meem comes 

             For Example: -                   واذکر فی الکتاب مریم ﻤ

                                           

¯ If fatah, kasrah, dhama, come on the last letter of word then it should be sakin. 

For example: منظرین ، مفلحون ۔

¯ If the last letter has a double then it should be read with a single.

For example: حبا جما ، بایتنا کذابا ،

¯ If there is “ۃ” we have to change into “ہ”

For Example: - حدیث الغاشیۃ  now the last ۃ we shall pronounce it as ہ  not ۃ.

¯ Better to Stop: -  " ط "

For example: -                     علیھا صعیدا جرزا ط      

¯ Short Pause: -  " وقفہ " with out breaking breath.

  For Example:-                          واعف عنا وقفہ واغفرلنا وقفہ ۔

¯ A Must not Stop: -         " لا "

For Example: - فاعبدنی واقیم الصلاۃ بذکری۔

¯ No Stop Preferred where these signs come on ayah.

ز - ص - ق - صلی ۔

¯ Optional Stop or Continue:-  " ج "

¯ Sakata :It means to make a stop without breaking the breath.

              

¯ Permissible / Recommend Stop:- " څ "

القرآن جملۃ واحدۃ څ

Lesson # 16

The Rule of Laam

Bold Sound: -

                             When a letter with fatah or dhama comes before the names of Allah it will be pronounced with a bold sound.

For example: -   

Thin Sound: -

                                When a letter with a Kasrah comes before the name of Allah it will be pronounced with a thin sound.

For Example: -

                  

Lesson # 17

  

                         The RULE OF RAA

1.  When Raa (ر) comes with fatah or dhamah on it should be pronounced with full mouth.

For Example: - فما ربحت تجارتھم

2.  When Raa comes with Kasrah then it should be pronounced with an empty mouth.

For Example: - لکم عند بارئکم

3.  When a fatah or dhama comes before Raa Sakin the letter Raa Sakin will be pronounced with a full mouth.

For Example:- وکان عرشہ

4.  When a kasrah comes before Raa Sakin then it will be pronounced with an empty mouth.

For Example: - تنذرھم لا یؤمنون

5.  When a shaddah come on the letter Raa and has either fatah or dhama it will be pronounced with a full mouth.

For Example: - قائمۃ و لئن رّددت

6.  When a shaddah comes on the letter Raa and has kasra it will be pronounced with an empty mouth.

For Example: - من شر ما خلق

7.  When a Yaa sakin comes before a Raa Maqoof then the Raa will be pronounced with empty mouth.

For Example: - بما تعملون خبیر

8.  When a letter other than a Yaa sakin comes before a Raa Moqoof then it will be pronounce with a full mouth.

For Example: - وتواصو بالصبر

Example of Bold Sound

               

Lesson # 18

                           Rules of Madd

Madd means to stretch or prolong the sound.

There are three basic kinds of madd.

1) Short Madd   

2) Long Madd 

3) Madd-e-lazim

Bedore we discuss the kinds of Madd, we must know that the reason of Madd is Hamza or sokoon and the madda letters are Wao Alif and Yaa

Here we discuss the madds in detail.

1) Short Madd

When any of madda letters is in the end of a wordand Hamza ( ) is in the beginning of next word,  we do short madd. It means that we prolong it for 2 counts.

                       2) Long madd

When Hamza    is followed  by any of madda letters in the same word , we do the long madd. Here both Hamza  and madda letter come in the same word that Madda letter comes first and Hamza  comes after it. We prolong this madd for four counts.

Note: In long and short  madd, the reason of mad d is Hamza.

Examples:

                      

3) Madd-e-lazim:

When any “moshaddad” letter is followed by any madda letter or there is sukoon-e-asli after the madda letters, we do the madd-e-lazim

Example:

                        Lesson # 19

Sajda-e-tilawat

There are fourteen places in the  Holy QURAN where we see out of the margin the word ( ). This word indicates that we recited the verse of the sajdah. So we have to perform sajdah. Is  obliged to perform the sajdah both on the reciter  and the listener.

HOW TO PERFORM IT :

You must have wadhu (ablution) as you do for the prayer. It is better to perform this sajdah after the verse is recited but you can delay it but it is a big sin to forget it and ignore it.

Stand on mat just like you stand in the prayers facing the Qiblah and make the intention that you are going to perform the sajdah whose verse you have recited in the Holy QURAN and without lifting  hands say Allah-o-Akbar and directly go to the sajdah, say

                                 subhana Rabbi-al-‘a’laa

three times , and then lift up your head saying Allah-o-Akbar. You have done sajda-e-Tilawat.

Lesson # 20

The Madd Letters

They are three as below: -

و - ا - ی

Common Principle: -

T There is a general rule of Tajweed that when there is fatah before Alif then such Alif will be pronounced with the stretch of 2 seconds.

For Example: - قال انہ یقول انھا

T There is a general rule of Tajweed that when there is Dhama before Waao then such Waao will be pronounced with the stretch of 2 seconds.

For Example: - یایھاالذین آمنوا

T There is a general rule of Tajweed that when there is Kasrah before Yaa then such Yaa will be pronounced with the stretch of 2 seconds.

For Example: - عذاب مھین،

Kinds of Madd

There are three kinds of Madd

v Madd Muttasil (The Joined Madd)

When و - ا - ي   comes with Hamza in the same word then it will be pronounced with the stretch of 4-6 seconds.

For Example: - اذا جآء نصراللہ  

v

v  Madd Munfasil (The Detached Madd)

When و - ا - ي   does not come with Hamza in the same word but it in other word then it will be pronounced with the stretch of 3-5 seconds.

              For Example: - انآ اعطیناک الکوثر

v

v  Madd Laazim (The Compulsory Madd)

When Huroof Muqate Aat comes at the beginning of Surah then it will be pronounced with the length of 6 seconds only.

                For Example: - آلم ، کھیعص